Ganjar Adityo Permadi
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

Hermawan Susanto
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/ams.v10i1.45924

Abstract

Symptomatic hypoglycemia in patients without underlying diabetes is uncommon. Etiology of non-diabetic hypoglycemia varies from hyperinsulinism, hormone deficiencies, malignancies, to critical illness. This case report illustrates the attempt to determine the cause of refractory hypoglycaemia in a 46 years old male patient with underlying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Anamnesis and examinations have narrowed differential diagnosis to concurrent systemic illness (liver failure due to HCC) or paraneoplastic syndrome from non-beta cell tumors, referred as non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH). It was noted that the absence of chronic liver disease stigmata has put NICTH as the possible main cause. Deciding what diagnostic modalities needed to perform to establish the diagnosis eventually relies on clinical judgement while taking cost-effectiveness and patients’ preference in consideration, particularly in low-resource settings. Nonetheless, the main goal of treating hypoglycemia is to immediately achieve and sustain euglycemia which can be achieved conservatively or definitively with surgery despite the etiology.

Keyword: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Hypoglycemia, NICTH.

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